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PH value is one of the important factors affecting tin ore flotation. However, with the increase of pH value, the adsorption capacity of collectors to tin minerals gradually changed. With the increase of pH value, the adsorption capacity of tin minerals to collectors first increases and then decreases. When the pH value of the tin concentrate slurry in the flotation tower is low, white bubbles are easily generated. If copper sulfate and other reagents are used in tin ore flotation, when the pH value is too high, the foam will turn black and white, and white foam will soon form in the flotation column. If the pH value of the slurry is adjusted to an appropriate range with lime, the foam will be more stable.
Due to the particularity of the cassiterite flotation process, it may not be easy to control when using a single agent. Therefore, when the tin ore flotation process conditions change, the beneficiation test should be carried out according to the reagent combination to determine the appropriate pH value range.
The collision of particles and air bubbles plays an important role in the selectivity and recovery of tin ore flotation. When the bubbles and tin mineral particles collide close to each other, due to the physical adsorption characteristics of the surface of the tin mineral particles, a large energy difference is generated between the bubbles and the tin mineral particles, which is beneficial to the collision of the bubbles. Captures tin mineral particles. The tin mineralization process can be changed by changing the bubble diameter, thereby improving the recovery efficiency of tin mineralization. However, under the same flotation conditions, the larger the bubble diameter, the more unfavorable the flotation of tin ore. If additives such as bubble traps are used, the diameter of the bubbles can be reduced.
The main symbiotic minerals of cassiterite are biotite, pyrrhotite, pyrite, etc., as well as rhodochrosite, serpentine, etc., which are also symbiotic with it, and secondly, it is also symbiotic with dolomite and magnesite. Since tin minerals are often associated with other metal minerals, many free metal ions are often generated in ores through other mechanical actions such as crushing, grinding and mineral dissolution. Flotation pulp usually contains other metal ions, such as iron, copper, calcium, lead, magnesium, etc. The physical and chemical effects of these metal ions on the surface of tin minerals have a greater impact on the flotation of tin minerals.
Iron ions play a very important role in the tin flotation process. During the flotation process of tin minerals, iron ions will destroy the thin film on the surface of tin minerals and oxidize the surface of tin minerals, thus making the flotation of tin ores difficult.
Copper ions can form water-insoluble copper-tin salts with tin on the surface of tin ore, and inhibit the tin flotation process through electrostatic interaction.
Calcium ion is an important metal ion in tin flotation. When calcium ions enter tin ore, they will form water-insoluble calcium salt with tin, which will affect the flotation of tin ore.
In actual production, the mineral composition of tin ore is complex, and various metal ions have a great influence on the recovery rate of tin ore. According to the mineral composition of tin ore, the appropriate combination of reagents is selected through mineral processing tests to reduce the impact of metal ions on the recovery rate of tin ore
There are two main types of flotation reagents: one is anion collectors, and the other is cationic collectors. Due to the poor natural buoyancy of tin minerals, some cassiterite impurities that cannot float out are enriched in the concentrate, resulting in excessively high tin content and high density in the tailings. Therefore, the selective adsorption requirements of tin ore collectors are relatively high, and anionic collectors are generally required, such as fatty acids, phosphonic acids, arsines, and hydroxamic acids. In order to improve the adaptability of flotation agents to tin ore, a combination of agents is usually used for flotation.
Attention to these four points can greatly improve the flotation efficiency of tin ore. First of all, please select a suitable collector and adjust its dosage according to the characteristics of the ore. Second, control the pH and add appropriate activators and inhibitors. Third, ensure proper pulp density and stirring speed. Finally, choose the right flotation cell and optimize its operating conditions. Although we have highlighted many important aspects, this is not the whole story. The methods described above may require trial and error to find the best combination for a particular ore body. Both mining companies and researchers must prioritize these issues by improving flotation processes and achieving higher recovery rates.
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