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Flotation is the most commonly used fluorite beneficiation method. It has a good effect on the separation of poor, fine and mixed fluorite ores. It can select acid-grade fluorite concentrates, ceramic-grade concentrates and metallurgical-grade concentrates that meet the requirements of the fluorine chemical industry.
The gangue minerals of fluorite ore mainly include quartz, barite, calcite, etc. According to the types of gangue minerals contained, fluorite ore can be divided into quartz-type fluorite ore, barite-type fluorite ore and calcite-type fluorite ore.
Commonly used collectors in fluorite flotation include fatty acids, isohydroxamic acid, oxidized paraffin soap, etc., and commonly used inhibitors include water glass, sodium humate, polyphosphate, starch, sodium lignin sulfonate, etc. At present, the most commonly used collector in fluorite industrial production is oleic acid, and the most commonly used inhibitor is water glass. According to the properties of the ore and the actual situation of the industrial site, in order to selectively collect the ore and inhibit the gangue, a combined collector and inhibitor are often used. This section takes quartz fluorite, barite fluorite and calcite fluorite as examples to introduce the current status of fluorite flotation technology in detail.
The main gangue mineral of quartz fluorite is quartz, which is relatively easy to separate. The commonly used collector is oleic acid, the inhibitor is water glass, and the pH adjuster is sodium carbonate. The main process flow is one-stage coarse grinding, one-stage rough selection and multi-stage selection.
The gangue mineral of barite fluorite is mainly barite, followed by quartz. The floatability of barite and fluorite is very similar. Generally speaking, the flotation process is to mix fluorite and barite for flotation, and then separate fluorite and barite. The collector of mixed flotation is generally oleic acid, and the inhibitor is water glass. Barite-fluorite separation can inhibit the flotation of fluorite by barite, and can also inhibit the flotation of barite by fluorite[24,25]. The inhibitors of barite are mainly starch, dextrin, tannin, tannin and FeCl3, and the inhibitors of fluorite are mainly sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate.
The main gangue mineral of calcite-type fluorite ore is calcite. Since calcite and fluorite are both calcium-containing minerals with similar floatability, mixed flotation is generally used, and then fluorite and calcite are separated. Since calcium carbonate-type fluorite ore has poor selectivity, different types of combined collectors and inhibitors are often used to achieve better results.
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