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Copper oxide is a black oxide of copper. In nature, copper is a typical sulfur-loving element and mainly exists in the form of copper sulfide, but it will form oxides under strong oxidizing conditions.
Copper oxide (CuO) is insoluble in water and ethanol, soluble in acid, ammonium chloride and potassium cyanide solutions, slowly dissolved in ammonia solution, and can react with strong alkali. Copper oxide can be widely used to make silk, ceramics, enamel, glaze, desulfurizer, etc. It can also be used to make hydrogen, catalysts, green glass, etc.
In the mineral processing process, most copper oxide needs to be sulfurized through chemicals and then beneficiated. Compared with copper sulfide, the separation is more complicated and more chemicals are used. The copper oxide beneficiation process can be divided into two categories: flotation and chemical beneficiation. Below we mainly introduce the flotation method.
Copper oxide flotation method
Flotation is one of the commonly used beneficiation processes for copper oxide ores. According to the different properties of copper oxide ores, there are sulfide flotation, fatty acid flotation, amine flotation, emulsion flotation and chelating agent-medium flotation. Oil flotation method, etc.
Sulfide flotation method is divided into two types: conventional sulfide flotation and hydrothermal sulfide flotation.
Conventional sulfide flotation: This method is to sulfide copper oxide minerals first (using sodium sulfide or other sulfiding agents), and then use a good xanthate collector to perform flotation operations. During the vulcanization operation, the lower the pH value of the slurry, the faster the vulcanization operation, and vulcanizing agents such as sodium sulfide are easier to vulcanize.
The copper oxide minerals treated by sulfide flotation are mainly copper carbonates, such as malachite, azurite and other minerals, or cuprite. However, chrysocolla needs special treatment first, otherwise the sulfide effect will not be achieved. Well, it can't even be vulcanized.
Fatty acid flotation is also called direct flotation. It mainly uses fatty acids and their soaps as collectors. During flotation, it is usually necessary to add gangue inhibitor water glass, phosphate and slurry regulator sodium carbonate.
Fatty acids and soap collectors can flotate malachite and azurite very well. Fatty acids with different hydrocarbon chains are used to flotate malachite. As long as the hydrocarbon chain is long enough, the collection capacity will be very strong.
This method mainly uses amines as collectors for flotation. It can not only be used to separate copper oxide, but is also a commonly used beneficiation method for copper oxide, lead, and zinc minerals. In copper ores, it is mostly used to separate malachite, azurite, and azurite. Acerite, etc.
The amine collector is selective in choosing copper oxide, because amines also have a collection effect on many gangues. Before sorting, it is necessary to preliminarily desludge. However, for muddy copper oxide, preliminarily desliming will lead to copper oxide. Loss, so the premise of choosing amine flotation method is to first find effective inhibitors of gangue.
At present, gangue inhibitors include seaweed powder, ligninate (or cellulose lignosulfonate) and polyacrylic acid.
This method mainly sulfurizes copper oxide minerals first, then adds copper complexing agents to form a stable lipophilic mineral surface, and then uses neutral oil emulsion to cover the surface of the mineral to create a highly hydrophobic and floatable state. Minerals can be firmly attached to the bubbles to complete the selection.
This method refers to the use of a certain chelating agent and neutral oil to form a collector to complete flotation. It is mostly used for difficult-to-select copper oxide (such as chrysocolla). It not only has high selectivity and collection effect, but also can It ensures high sorting index while reducing chemical consumption, and the chelating agent also has a selective inhibitory effect.
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