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Oxidized copper ore is formed by long-term oxidation of copper sulfide minerals and is often found in the oxidation zone of the surface part of the ore deposit. Due to the extremely complex oxidation process, the mineral composition and structural structure of oxidized copper ore are also relatively complex.
The properties of different oxidized copper minerals vary greatly. According to their floatability, oxidized copper ore can be divided into three categories: easy-to-select ore, medium-selectable ore and difficult-to-select ore. Among them, malachite has good floatability, the floatability of azurite is basically the same as that of malachite, and the floatability of siliceous malachite is very poor.
At present, the main treatment methods for oxidized copper ore include flotation, separation, leaching and combined methods. Among them, flotation is widely used because of its environmental protection, low cost and simple process.
Flotation is a method that utilizes the difference in surface properties of different minerals in the ore pulp, combines the target mineral with bubbles under the action of flotation agents, and then floats and enriches in the foam layer to achieve separation effect, including direct flotation, sulfide flotation, separation flotation and combined smelting.
Direct flotation method is a method of using a collector to directly separate the target mineral without pre-treatment (sulfidation treatment) of the mineral. This method is the earliest method used for copper oxide flotation, but it has certain limitations and is suitable for copper oxide ores with simple mineral composition and uncomplicated properties.
Compared with direct flotation method, sulfidation flotation is a method of pre-treating copper oxide ores with sulfiding agents (such as sodium sulfide, sodium hydrosulfide and other sulfiding agents) and then using collectors to sort them. This method uses the action of sulfiding agents on minerals to rapidly adsorb HS- or S2- on the surface of copper oxide ores and form a metal sulfide film, thereby strengthening the adsorption of collectors and enhancing the hydrophobicity of the mineral surface, thereby achieving selective and efficient flotation of copper oxide minerals.
The copper oxide ore is crushed to an appropriate particle size, a certain amount of halide (salt) and reducing agent (coal powder) are added and roasted under high temperature conditions. The copper in the copper oxide ore reacts with hydrogen chloride to generate volatile copper chloride, which is adsorbed on the surface of carbon particles and reduced to copper. The final flotation process is the separation flotation method.
The metallurgical combination process is a separation process that combines metallurgy with flotation. When the ore properties are complex or the grade of low-grade copper oxide ore is difficult to be recycled by flotation or leaching, the metallurgical combination method can often achieve better results.
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