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Copper is one of the earliest metals used by humans. The processing of copper ore and the extraction of copper are one of the most important mining activities in the world, because of its good electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, corrosion resistance, alloy and other properties.
Different mineral processing processes are required according to the type of copper ore. The lowest mining grade of copper in copper ore also needs to be based on the mining method (open-pit mining, underground mining), the type of copper minerals in the ore and the state of copper occurrence. Generally, the copper grade of sulfide ore is above 0.3% and has mining value. The advantage of flotation is that it can remove part of the gangue and other impurities in the ore to obtain a higher grade copper concentrate; secondly, for low-grade ores, the wet heap leaching process is used to directly leach and recover copper.
Flotation is an important method for copper mineral recovery, and most of the world's minerals are recovered by flotation. There are many types of copper minerals in nature, and research and practice reports include flotation of copper oxide minerals and flotation of copper sulfide minerals.
The process includes calcining ore, coal powder or natural gas and salt in a neutral or reducing atmosphere, converting copper minerals into metallic copper, and then recovering them by flotation. This method is widely used to treat difficult-to-select copper oxide ores.
The principle is to use a hydrothermal reactor to control a certain temperature and pressure to allow elemental sulfur to deeply sulfidize the copper oxide ore, and then float the tailings after the hydrothermal reaction. The characteristic of this method is that it adopts a combined process of conventional sulfidation-flotation method. There is another effect in the hydrothermal sulfidation process, that is, the floatability of gangue minerals becomes worse, the gangue is suppressed, and the selectivity of copper minerals is further improved.
The principle of this method is to mix the ore pulp and sulfur powder, react under NH3, CO2 and certain temperature and pressure conditions, and leach the copper oxide in the ore in the form of copper ammonium complex. At the same time, the copper ammonium complex easily reacts with the sulfur ions in the solution to precipitate and convert into copper sulfide. Finally, copper is recovered by conventional flotation.
Copper sulfide ore is an important resource of copper metal and is mainly recovered by froth flotation. There are many types of flotation processes for copper sulfide ore, including preferential flotation process, mixed flotation process, equal floatation, partial preferential flotation-mixed flotation process, rapid flotation process, step-by-step preferential flotation process, partial mixed flotation process, asynchronous mixed flotation process, etc.
The basic principle of the development of mineral processing technology is fast collection, early collection, and early discard. The specific methods are more crushing and less grinding, asynchronous flotation, branch series flotation, electrochemical controlled flotation and native potential regulation flotation process.
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